What concept reflects the dual motivational needs of humans as outlined in the text?

The correct answer embodies the idea that humans are motivated by two fundamental needs or drives that often coexist. In various psychological theories, dualism suggests that individuals have both personal (individual) motivations and collective (societal) motivations that influence behavior and decision-making. This theory recognizes that human actions are often motivated by a balance between self-interest and the interest of the community or group to which they belong.

By understanding this dual motivational framework, organizations, especially in law enforcement, can better navigate the complexities of human interactions and performance. They can, for instance, create policies and environments that acknowledge and cater to both personal ambitions and collaborative goals, fostering a more effective organizational culture.

The other concepts mentioned, such as individualism and collectivism, primarily focus on the contrasting motivations of self versus society but do not encapsulate the coexistence of both motivations as dualism does. Holism implies an all-encompassing view of systems rather than a specific focus on dual motivations.